Antibiotics saved many lives and had a great achievement in controlling incurable and lethal bacterial infections. During the golden age of antibiotics, it was believed that humankind obtained the means to defeat any bacterial infection. Unfortunately, antibiotics, which were one of the most valuable advances of modern medicine, are defeated by bacteria that are now resistant to a large number of drugs. When The New York Times interviewed Fleming in 1945, he warned the public from the misuse of penicillin declaring that it would be a main factor for the emergence of resistant mutants of microorganisms to penicillin [1]. After a short period from the discovery of penicillin, many strains of Staphylococcus aureus showed resistant to penicillin [2]. Soon after the outbreak of Shigella in Japan, it was well known that multiple resistance genes could be exchanged between resistance and susceptible bacteria [3]. An inevitable consequence of the extensive use and misuse of antibiotics is the selection of resistant bacteria. The various environmental parameters, the diverse geographic areas, and the huge number and selection of microbes involved made the problem difficult to be controlled [5]. At a present, many available antibiotics are useless as an effect of the long-term exposure and spread of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in pathogenic organisms. Thus, higher morbidity and mortality will prevail in humans and animals if antibiotics fail to treat bacterial infections [6].    

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